

Discover more from Journal of Animaology
Two Sides of Ignorance: A Cross-Dimensional Analysis of Daily Distractions and Sleep Unconsciousness
Navigating daily distractions and the unconsciousness of sleep offers an illuminating perspective on human consciousness.
“The point is this: the distractions in daily life and the unconsciousness of sleep are two faces of the same ignorance. It’s the same thing happening at two levels. Unrecognized (discursive) thought is just the way we go to sleep moment-to-moment.” — Excerpt From Dream Yoga by Andrew Holecek
On a serene morning, as a meditator named John took his seat by the window overlooking the city, he noticed the hustle and bustle on the streets below. Cars rushing by, people lost in their phone screens, the consistent hum of the city - a spectacle of distractions. As he closed his eyes to meditate, he wondered: Are these external distractions really that different from the cacophony that occurs within our own minds each night as we sleep, oblivious to our dreams? This question is at the heart of our exploration today, as we delve into the complex world of consciousness and the idea of the "Two Sides of Ignorance"1.
Often, we view distraction in our daily lives and unconsciousness during sleep as separate phenomena. The hustle of the day, filled with external distractions, seems a world away from the quiet oblivion of sleep. Yet, are they fundamentally different? Or could they be manifestations of the same ignorance, experienced at different times and different levels of consciousness? In this cross-dimensional exploration, we will probe these questions, shedding light on the overlooked connection between our waking distractions and sleep unconsciousness.
What if we were to consider distraction and sleep as two faces of the same coin - two expressions of our inability to truly engage with the present moment? As we unravel this provocative concept, we'll see that the exploration isn't merely academic, but holds transformative potential for how we approach our lives. Are you ready to join us on this journey?
"In the quiet of the mind, wisdom speaks." — Original
Distractions in Daily Life
SUBCONSCIOUS IMPACTS
Our daily lives can sometimes feel like navigating a maze of distractions. The moment we wake up, the digital world invades our senses - emails pile up, social media notifications beckon, news updates demand our attention. Even as we go about our day, the external world's constant barrage competes with the internal stream of thoughts, worries, and to-do lists that preoccupy our minds.
But what impact do these distractions have on the less conscious part of our minds - the subconscious2? Let's journey into the quiet depths of the mind, where much of our mental processing occurs out of conscious awareness.
When we're perpetually distracted, our thoughts often become scattered and fragmented. This fragmented mental state can seep into our subconscious, leading to disorganized thought patterns that can influence our emotions, decision-making, and even our dreams3. As the proverbial iceberg's tip, our conscious mind is only a small part of our overall mental life. The vast majority lies beneath the surface in our subconscious, where these patterns can take root and have profound impacts on our lives.
For instance, the subconscious mind can pick up on our habitual responses to distractions. If we frequently react to distractions with stress or annoyance, our subconscious may learn to associate these negative emotional responses with similar situations in the future. This can result in a self-perpetuating cycle of distraction-induced stress4.
Furthermore, the subconscious mind plays a significant role in memory consolidation and learning5. Constant distractions can interfere with these processes, leading to difficulties in retaining new information or skills.
As we can see, the distractions in our daily lives aren't merely an annoyance - they're an undercurrent, subtly shaping our subconscious mind, emotions, and behaviors. By understanding the profound impact of these distractions, we can begin to appreciate the importance of addressing this aspect of our ignorance.
MANIFESTATIONS OF DISTRACTIONS
Distractions in our daily lives are like chameleons, taking on various forms and seamlessly blending into our surroundings. They can be as overt as the incessant ping of a new email or as subtle as a background worry nibbling at the edges of our consciousness. Let's take a closer look at these manifold distractions, their sources, and their impacts on our lives.
Technology and digital media are often the most apparent sources of distraction. The constant flow of information, the lure of social media, the convenience of instant messaging – all vie for our attention, creating a state of continuous partial attention6. This digital onslaught can lead to mental fatigue, reduced productivity, and a diminished capacity for deep, focused work7.
But distractions are not limited to the external digital world. Internally, our minds can also generate a whirlwind of distractions in the form of worries, daydreams, ruminations, and mental to-do lists. Often, these internal distractions can be more challenging to manage as they are woven into the fabric of our thoughts and emotions8.
Then there are environmental distractions - the sounds of traffic, an uncomfortable room temperature, a colleague's conversation across the room. These seemingly minor discomforts can become significant distractions, pulling us away from the task at hand.
These various manifestations of distractions can have wide-ranging impacts on our daily lives. Besides the obvious detriment to productivity, constant distraction can lead to increased stress, decreased mental well-being, and even impaired interpersonal relationships9. Over time, a state of continual distraction can become our default mode, blurring our awareness and disconnecting us from our present experiences.
In understanding these different forms of distractions and their impacts, we can begin to see the necessity of cultivating strategies to manage them - strategies that go beyond simply 'turning off notifications' or 'finding a quiet place'. As we will explore next, addressing these distractions requires a deeper understanding and a more holistic approach.
TOOLS FOR COUNTERING DISTRACTIONS
Now that we've delved into the different forms of distractions and their impacts, the question arises: How do we counteract these distractions that seem so pervasive in our lives?
One powerful tool is developing our ability to focus. By training our minds to concentrate on a single task or thought, we can reduce the pull of external and internal distractions10. This can be practiced through activities that demand our full attention, such as reading a complex book, solving puzzles, or even immersing ourselves in a hobby.
Another strategy is to manage our environment effectively. By creating a conducive workspace, turning off unnecessary digital notifications, or scheduling 'quiet hours' for focused work, we can minimize external distractions11. However, it's essential to remember that not all distractions can or should be eliminated - instead, we can learn to manage our response to them.
This brings us to a key tool in our arsenal against distractions: mindfulness. Mindfulness involves cultivating a non-judgmental awareness of the present moment. By becoming more aware of our thoughts, emotions, and surroundings, we can notice when we're becoming distracted and gently bring our attention back12. Mindfulness can be nurtured through practices like focused breathing, body scans, or simply taking a moment to observe our environment.
Additionally, regular physical exercise has been shown to improve cognitive control, including attention and ability to resist distraction13. Exercise doesn't just benefit our physical health; it's a boon for our mental faculties too.
Finally, cultivating self-compassion is essential in managing distractions. Instead of berating ourselves when we get distracted, we can practice kindness towards ourselves. Recognizing that distractions are a natural part of human experience can help alleviate the stress associated with them14.
Armed with these tools and strategies, we can navigate the sea of daily distractions more effectively, transforming them from an incessant source of stress to a manageable part of our lives.
Unconsciousness During Sleep
THE DREAM STATE
As our day closes and we succumb to the lull of sleep, we transition from the external world of distractions to a different form of unconsciousness: the dream state. In this state, the mind spins a web of images, emotions, and narratives, often woven from the threads of our daily experiences and deeper subconscious impulses.
Though we usually consider this dream state to be a form of unconsciousness, it offers a unique opportunity for consciousness exploration. Why? Because even as our bodies rest and rejuvenate, our minds continue to engage in complex cognitive processes15. They construct dream realities that can be as vivid and engaging as our waking life, if not more so.
Researchers have discovered that dream experiences can play a critical role in emotional processing, problem-solving, and creative thinking16. By encoding our waking experiences into dream narratives, the mind integrates new information, processes emotions, and explores novel connections.
Moreover, dreams can provide a glimpse into our subconscious. The dream state, which remains largely untapped in our waking hours, can serve as a bridge to the deeper realms of our psyche, revealing patterns and impulses that stay hidden beneath the surface of our conscious awareness17.
Interestingly, it is possible to cultivate awareness during the dream state, a phenomenon known as lucid dreaming18. In these dreams, the dreamer becomes aware of dreaming and can consciously explore the dream landscape. This phenomenon suggests the intriguing possibility that we might transform our unconscious sleep into another domain of conscious experience.
As we delve deeper into the understanding of the dream state, it becomes clear that the line between conscious and unconscious might not be as rigid as we usually believe. The dream state, with its blend of subconscious processing and potential for conscious exploration, challenges our conventional notions of what it means to be 'awake' and 'asleep', 'conscious' and 'unconscious'.
SLEEP AS A MIRROR OF WAKING LIFE
What if our sleep patterns could serve as a mirror, reflecting the state of our waking life? There's growing evidence that the quality and content of our sleep are intrinsically linked to our daytime experiences, especially concerning distractions and levels of consciousness.
Research indicates that our daily preoccupations, anxieties, and experiences frequently find their way into our dreams19. The recurring thoughts and worries that distract us during the day can continue to play out in our sleep, often manifesting as dream themes or even sleep disturbances.
Stress and anxiety, common by-products of daily distractions, have been shown to impact both the quality and the architecture of our sleep. They can lead to difficulties in falling asleep, frequent awakenings, and altered dream patterns, further reinforcing the link between our waking and sleeping states20.
Moreover, the same way we might 'drift off' during a day filled with distractions, becoming unaware of our surroundings or actions, we can also experience a comparable state of unconsciousness during sleep. Non-lucid dreams, where we lack awareness of dreaming, could be considered a parallel to such moments of 'sleepwalking' through our waking life.
Interestingly, as mentioned earlier, the ability to become conscious within a dream, known as lucid dreaming, could act as a counterpart to the moments of increased consciousness and focused attention in our waking life21. As such, cultivating lucidity during our waking hours could potentially translate into increased lucidity during our dreams.
The exploration of sleep as a mirror of waking life underlines a fundamental concept: the continuity of consciousness. Whether we are navigating the world of distractions during the day or traversing the landscape of dreams during sleep, our level of awareness and engagement determines our experience. This realization can unlock a new perspective on our daily life and our nocturnal journeys, encouraging us to see both as interconnected parts of a single, continuous narrative.
POSSIBILITY OF AWARENESS
Let's turn our gaze towards a fascinating frontier in the exploration of consciousness: the possibility of awareness during sleep. Is it possible to bring consciousness into what is traditionally considered an unconscious state?
One notable example that offers a 'yes' to this question is the phenomenon of lucid dreaming. In a lucid dream, the dreamer becomes aware that they are dreaming while the dream is still unfolding22. This realization often comes with a sense of control over the dream narrative, allowing the dreamer to alter the dream environment or their actions within it.
Lucid dreaming blurs the boundary between the conscious and unconscious, waking, and sleeping. It indicates that even during sleep, a state traditionally associated with unconsciousness, conscious awareness can emerge. Some dreamers have reported lucid dreams to be rich in detail and vividness, offering experiences that can be as impactful and meaningful as real-life events23.
Another intriguing practice is one that involves consciously maneuvering through the dream state to gain insights or foster personal growth. This practice emphasizes maintaining a gentle awareness throughout the dream, observing the dream narrative without attempting to control it. It suggests the potential of the dream state as a field for self-exploration and personal development.
Moreover, such practices of cultivating awareness during sleep might have implications beyond the dream world. They might influence our waking consciousness, enhancing our ability to maintain awareness in the face of distractions and remain mindful throughout our daily lives24.
The exploration of lucid dreaming and conscious dreaming practices brings to light a tantalizing possibility: that our sleep, usually considered a realm of unconsciousness, might be another domain for consciousness exploration. It challenges us to broaden our understanding of what it means to be conscious and awake, redefining these concepts in a way that transcends the boundaries of sleep and wakefulness.
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES
When comparing distraction in daily life and unconsciousness during sleep, it becomes evident that they share some intriguing similarities, despite their apparent differences. At the core, both phenomena revolve around a common theme: a lack of conscious awareness. But they differ in how this unawareness is expressed and experienced.
Daily distractions and unconscious sleep can be seen as two manifestations of the same fundamental ignorance – a lapse in our conscious engagement with our experiences. When we are engrossed in distractions, we lose touch with the present moment, our awareness scattered across thoughts, worries, or preoccupations. Similarly, during unconscious sleep, we surrender to a state where our conscious control and awareness seem to be suspended, leaving us adrift in the sea of dreams without an anchor of lucidity25.
However, these two states diverge when we consider their context and impact. Daily distractions occur in our waking life, often driven by external stimuli and internal thoughts. They can hinder our productivity, impair our ability to focus, and disrupt our mental well-being26. On the other hand, unconscious sleep, primarily manifested through dreams, serves vital functions such as memory consolidation, emotional processing, and creative problem-solving27.
Furthermore, while the state of distraction might be perceived as a frustrating interruption in our conscious flow, unconscious sleep is generally accepted as a natural part of our daily cycle. It's a realm where we expect consciousness to fade, giving way to the mysteries of the dream world.
Yet, the fascinating possibility is that both states – the distracted wakefulness and the unconscious sleep – can be transformed. Tools like mindfulness can help us navigate through distractions and remain present in our waking life28. Simultaneously, practices like lucid dreaming or dream yoga can bring a level of awareness into our sleep, turning it into a field for conscious exploration29.
Thus, while distractions in daily life and unconsciousness during sleep share a common ground of unawareness, they differ in their nature, implications, and potential for transformation. They offer us a dual challenge: to stay awake amidst the distractions of the day and to bring consciousness into the night's unconscious sleep.
IMPLICATIONS
The concept of viewing distractions in daily life and unconsciousness during sleep as the "Two Sides of Ignorance" has profound implications for how we understand and navigate our human experience. This perspective challenges us to expand our understanding of consciousness beyond the traditional boundaries of wakefulness and sleep, opening the door to a more holistic view of our existence.
Firstly, acknowledging these two phenomena as faces of the same ignorance encourages us to be more aware of our states of consciousness across the entire spectrum of our daily cycle. We can start recognizing how our levels of awareness fluctuate through the day and night, and how these fluctuations influence our experiences, perceptions, and responses30.
Seeing distractions and unconscious sleep as linked phenomena can also foster a deeper understanding of our internal and external realities. It encourages us to explore the interconnectedness between our waking and sleeping states, revealing how they influence each other and how changes in one can impact the other31.
Moreover, the concept brings into focus the potential for growth and transformation inherent in both states. It posits that just as we can cultivate mindfulness to navigate through daily distractions, we can similarly nurture awareness during sleep. Practices like lucid dreaming and dream yoga offer us tools to explore this potential, inviting us to bring conscious presence into our dreams and reframe sleep as a space for conscious exploration32.
Lastly, embracing this perspective could have a transformative impact on our well-being. If we can learn to navigate daily distractions with greater mindfulness and enter our sleep with a sense of conscious engagement, we may experience a reduction in stress, an improvement in sleep quality, and an overall enhancement in life satisfaction33.
In essence, understanding distractions and unconsciousness as two sides of the same ignorance can serve as a catalyst for a transformative journey. It invites us to expand our consciousness, deepen our self-understanding, and unlock new possibilities for growth and fulfillment.
SOLUTIONS
If we are to bridge the gap between the two sides of ignorance, the challenge lies in finding ways to enhance our conscious engagement with our experiences, both in waking life and during sleep. How might we navigate this journey? A variety of practices and approaches, grounded in diverse wisdom traditions, can provide guidance.
To counter distractions in daily life, a practice of mindful attention could prove beneficial. Mindfulness involves paying deliberate attention to our experiences in the present moment, with an attitude of openness, curiosity, and non-judgment34. This practice can help us navigate through distractions, maintain focus, and cultivate a more intentional relationship with our thoughts and actions.
Incorporating pauses in our daily routine might serve as another useful strategy. Regularly taking a moment to step back from our activities and simply be present can help us recalibrate our attention, recenter our focus, and prevent the build-up of distractions35.
Complementing these strategies, fostering a mindset of acceptance could help us engage with distractions in a more constructive manner. Instead of fighting against distractions, we can learn to acknowledge them without getting entangled, reducing their disruptive influence on our focus and well-being36.
When it comes to sleep, the exploration of consciousness can take on an exciting dimension. Practices that encourage awareness during sleep, such as lucid dreaming or techniques for conscious dreaming, could serve as potential avenues for bringing a level of consciousness into our sleep37.
Moreover, establishing a mindful pre-sleep routine could enhance our sleep quality and potentially influence our dream experiences. This might involve practices like mindful relaxation, reflection on the day's experiences, or setting an intention for conscious awareness in dreams38.
In essence, bridging the gap between the two sides of ignorance involves cultivating an ongoing practice of conscious engagement with our experiences. Through mindfulness, intentional pauses, acceptance, and conscious dreaming, we can navigate the landscapes of our waking and sleeping lives with greater awareness and presence.
The journey through the terrain of our consciousness, as we navigate daily distractions and sleep unconsciousness, offers an illuminating perspective into the human condition. Seeing them as the "Two Sides of Ignorance" invites us to reconsider our relationship with our waking and sleeping states, prompting us to seek a more mindful and conscious engagement with our lives.
Through our exploration, we've seen how daily distractions impact our subconscious mind, shaping our experiences and our sense of self. We've considered the many forms these distractions can take and examined strategies to counter them, drawing upon concepts of mindful attention, intentional pauses, and acceptance.
In parallel, we've delved into the realm of sleep, contemplating the dream state as a form of unconsciousness and its potential for consciousness exploration. We've reflected on how our sleep patterns can mirror our waking life and discussed the possibility of fostering awareness during sleep through practices like lucid dreaming and conscious dreaming.
Drawing these threads together, we've explored the similarities and differences between distraction in daily life and unconsciousness in sleep, their implications, and potential solutions. This understanding could bring about profound shifts in our well-being, performance, and overall life satisfaction, fostering a greater sense of inner peace and fulfillment.
As we continue our individual and collective explorations, the invitation remains open for each of us to deepen our understanding and engagement with these "Two Sides of Ignorance". Let's remain curious, open, and committed to our journey towards greater consciousness. By doing so, we can unlock new dimensions of our human experience and perhaps, in the process, realize that what we once perceived as ignorance could indeed be a path to wisdom.
Thank you for joining us on this enlightening journey through the realms of consciousness, distractions, and dreams. Your time and attention are greatly appreciated. If you found this exploration valuable, we invite you to subscribe for more insights into the human experience and spiritual growth.
We encourage you to share this article with those you believe may also be interested in delving into these intriguing topics. By doing so, you can play a pivotal role in spreading this valuable knowledge and contributing to the collective consciousness. Remember, each shared insight illuminates another path on this grand journey of discovery. Thank you for being part of this journey with us.
Annex I. Glossary of Key Terms
Consciousness: The state of being aware of and able to think and perceive one's surroundings, thoughts, and feelings.
Mindfulness: The practice of paying deliberate attention to experiences in the present moment with an attitude of openness, curiosity, and non-judgment.
Lucid Dreaming: A state of dreaming where the dreamer is aware that they are dreaming and can potentially control their actions within the dream.
Subconscious Mind: The part of the mind that operates below the level of conscious awareness, influencing feelings, thoughts, and behaviors.
Distraction: Anything that draws away attention or focus from the task at hand.
Dream Yoga: A practice aimed at exploring the dream state consciously, often associated with Tibetan Buddhist traditions.
Acceptance: The act of embracing reality without attempting to change or protest it, a key component in mindfulness.
Annex II. References
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: past, present, and future. Clinical psychology: Science and practice, 10(2), 144-156.
Killingsworth, M. A., & Gilbert, D. T. (2010). A wandering mind is an unhappy mind. Science, 330(6006), 932-932.
LaBerge, S., & Rheingold, H. (1990). Exploring the world of lucid dreaming. New York: Ballantine Books.
Howell, A. J., Digdon, N. L., Buro, K., & Sheptycki, A. R. (2008). Relations among mindfulness, well-being, and sleep. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(8), 773-777.
Notion drawn from various sources including Eastern philosophies, channeled materials, modern psychology, and scientific studies. For detailed references, see footnotes and references section.
Jung, C. G. (1969). The structure and dynamics of the psyche. Princeton University Press.
Hassin, R. R. (2013). Yes it can: on the functional abilities of the human unconscious. Perspectives on psychological science, 8(2), 195-207.
Diamond, D. M., Campbell, A. M., Park, C. R., Halonen, J., & Zoladz, P. R. (2007). The temporal dynamics model of emotional memory processing: a synthesis on the neurobiological basis of stress-induced amnesia, flashbulb and traumatic memories, and the Yerkes-Dodson law. Neural plasticity, 2007.
Stickgold, R., & Walker, M. P. (2013). Sleep-dependent memory triage: evolving generalization through selective processing. Nature neuroscience, 16(2), 139-145.
Stone, L. (2007). Continuous partial attention. Available at SSRN 952827.
Mark, G., Gudith, D., & Klocke, U. (2008, April). The cost of interrupted work: more speed and stress. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 107-110).
Smallwood, J., & Schooler, J. W. (2015). The science of mind wandering: empirically navigating the stream of consciousness. Annual review of psychology, 66.
Misra, S., & Stokols, D. (2012). Psychological and health outcomes of perceived information overload. Environment and Behavior, 44(6), 737-759.
Goleman, D. (2013). Focus: The Hidden Driver of Excellence. HarperCollins Publishers.
Mark, G., Voida, S., & Cardello, A. (2012, May). "A pace not dictated by electrons": an empirical study of work without email. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 555-564)
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical psychology: Science and practice, 10(2), 144-156.
Hillman, C. H., Erickson, K. I., & Kramer, A. F. (2008). Be smart, exercise your heart: exercise effects on brain and cognition. Nature reviews neuroscience, 9(1), 58-65.
Neff, K. (2011). Self‐compassion, self‐esteem, and well‐being. Social and personality psychology compass, 5(1), 1-12.
Hobson, J. A., & Pace-Schott, E. F. (2002). The cognitive neuroscience of sleep: neuronal systems, consciousness and learning. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3(9), 679-693.
Wamsley, E. J. (2014). Dreaming and offline memory consolidation. Current neurology and neuroscience reports, 14(3), 433.
Hartmann, E. (1995). Making connections in a safe place: Is dreaming psychotherapy? Dreaming, 5(4), 213-228.
Voss, U., Holzmann, R., Tuin, I., & Hobson, J. A. (2009). Lucid dreaming: a state of consciousness with features of both waking and non-lucid dreaming. Sleep, 32(9), 1191-1200.
Schredl, M. (2006). Factors affecting the continuity between waking and dreaming: Emotional intensity and emotional tone of the waking-life event. Sleep and Hypnosis, 8(1), 1-5.
Harvey, A. G. (2001). Insomnia: symptom or diagnosis? Clinical psychology review, 21(7), 1037-1059.
Stumbrys, T., Erlacher, D., & Malinowski, P. (2015). Meta-awareness during day and night: The relationship between mindfulness and lucid dreaming. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 34(4), 415-433.
LaBerge, S. (2000). Lucid Dreaming: Evidence and Methodology. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 23(6), 962-963.
Sparrow, G., Hurd, R., Carlson, R., & Molina, A. (2018). Exploring the effects of galantamine paired with meditation and dream reliving on recalled dreams: Toward an integrated protocol for lucid dream induction and nightmare resolution. Consciousness and cognition, 63, 74-88.
Saunders, D. T., Roe, C. A., Smith, G., & Clegg, H. (2016). Lucid dreaming incidence: A quality effects meta-analysis of 50years of research. Consciousness and cognition, 43, 197-215.
Smallwood, J., & Schooler, J. W. (2006). The restless mind. Psychological bulletin, 132(6), 946.
Kushlev, K., Proulx, J., & Dunn, E. W. (2016). Silence Your Phones: Smartphone Notifications Increase Inattention and Hyperactivity Symptoms. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1011-1020).
Wamsley, E. J. (2014). Dreaming and offline memory consolidation. Current neurology and neuroscience reports, 14(3), 433.
Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., ... & Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical psychology: Science and practice, 11(3), 230-241.
LaBerge, S., & Rheingold, H. (1990). Exploring the world of lucid dreaming. New York: Ballantine Books.
Smallwood, J., & Schooler, J. W. (2015). The science of mind wandering: empirically navigating the stream of consciousness. Annual review of psychology, 66, 487-518.
Scullin, M. K., & Bliwise, D. L. (2015). Sleep, cognition, and normal aging: integrating a half-century of multidisciplinary research. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(1), 97-137.
LaBerge, S., & DeGracia, D. J. (2000). Varieties of lucid dreaming experience. In Individual differences in conscious experience (pp. 269-307). John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Hülsheger, U. R., Lang, J. W., Depenbrock, F., Fehrmann, C., Zijlstra, F. R., & Alberts, H. J. (2014). The power of presence: the role of mindfulness at work for daily levels and change trajectories of psychological detachment and sleep quality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(6), 1113.
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: past, present, and future. Clinical psychology: Science and practice, 10(2), 144-156.
Jensen, C. G., Vangkilde, S., Frokjaer, V., & Hasselbalch, S. G. (2012). Mindfulness training affects attention—Or is it attentional effort?. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 141(1), 106.
Weger, U. W., & Hooper, N. (2012). Mindful maths: Reducing the impact of stereotype threat through a mindfulness exercise. Consciousness and Cognition, 21(1), 471-475.
LaBerge, S., & Rheingold, H. (1990). Exploring the world of lucid dreaming. New York: Ballantine Books.
Ong, J. C., Manber, R., Segal, Z., Xia, Y., Shapiro, S., & Wyatt, J. K. (2014). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness meditation for chronic insomnia. Sleep, 37(9), 1553-1563.